Title (english) CRIME OF GENOCIDE BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Title (italian) IL CRIMINE DI GENOCIDIO DINNANZI ALLA CORTE INTERNAZIONALE DI GIUSTIZIA
Title (croatian) ZLOČIN GENOCIDA PRED MEĐUNARODNIM SUDOM PRAVDE
Title (english) CRIME OF GENOCIDE BEFORE THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Author Vesna Crnić-Grotić
Author's institution University of Rijeka FACULTY OF LAW (Chair of International Law)
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Law International Law
Abstract (english) When Mr. Raphael Lemkin invented the term genocide in 1944 he was trying to fill the void in the existing list of international crimes because, in his view, none of them was appropriate to address the terrible mass atrocities of World War II. The mass extermination of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and other groups should have been different from “ordinary” crimes against humanity. His fight led to the adoption of the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948. Although the Convention was primarily designed to punish
individual perpetrators, States parties can also be held responsible for the same crime. The reference in Article IX of the Convention to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice clearly shows in that direction. However, the first case appearing before that court was the case of Bosnia v. Serbia in 1993 and the Court made its ruling on the merits in 2007. The following ruling concerned the case of Croatia v. Serbia in 2015. Neither of the final rulings established the responsibility of the respondent state for genocide, although the crime had been
established in the case of Bosnia. The article will look into the requirements for the genocide to be established and what was the missing link between the crime and the defendant state.
Abstract (italian) di colmare la lacuna esistente nell'elenco dei crimini internazionali, poiché nemmeno uno, a suo parere, corrispondeva alla descrizione dei terribili crimini di massa commessi durante la Seconda guerra mondiale. Lo sterminio di massa degli ebrei, della popolazione rom, degli slavi, come anche di altri gruppi dovevano essere differenti rispetto ai „comuni“ crimini contro l’umanità. La sua lotta condusse all'accoglimento della Convenzione ONU per la prevenzione e la repressione del crimine di genocidio del 1948. Benché lo scopo primario della Convenzione era quello di punire i singoli, anche gli stati contraenti possono essere responsabili per la commissione di crimini di genocidio. Le disposizioni dell'art. IX della Convenzione, il quale prevede la giurisdizione della Corte internazionale dell'Aia, danno un chiaro
segnale in tale senso. Tuttavia, la prima controversia dinnanzi a tale Corte fu quella della Bosnia ed Erzegovina contro la Serbia del 1993 nella quale la Corte pervenne ad una decisione sul merito nel 2007. La sentenza successiva si riferì al caso della Croazia contro la Serbia del 2015. Nemmeno una delle sentenze definitive non ha accertato la responsabilità dello stato convenuto in giudizio con l’accusa per il crimine di genocidio benché la Corte abbia accertato l'esistenza del genocidio in Bosnia. Il contributo illustrerà quali requisiti la Corte internazionale reputi necessari al fine di accertare il crimine di genocidio e quale fu il nesso mancante tra il crimine e lo stato convenuto.
Abstract (croatian) Kada je g. Raphael Lemkin oblikovao naziv genocida 1944. godine, zapravo je pokušavao ispuniti prazninu na postojećem popisu međunarodnih zločina, jer ni jedan, prema njegovu mišljenju, nije bio odgovarajući da opiše strašna masovna zlodjela tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Masovna pogubljenja Židova, Roma/ Cigana, Slavena
i drugih skupina trebala su biti različita od „običnih“ zločina protiv čovječnosti. Njegova borba dovela je do prihvaćanja Konvencije UN o zabrani i kažnjavanju zločina genocida 1948. godine. Iako je primarna svrha Konvencija bila kažnjavanje pojedinaca, i države stranke mogu biti odgovorne zbog počinjenja zločina genocida. Odredba članka IX. Konvencije koja predviđa nadležnost Međunarodnog suda u Haagu jasno pokazuje u tom smjeru. Pa ipak, prva parnica pred tim sudom bila je
ona između Bosne i Hercegovine protiv Srbije 1993. godine koju je Sud meritorno presudio 2007. Sljedeća presuda odnosila se na predmet Hrvatska protiv Srbije 2015. Ni jedna od konačnih presuda nije utvrdila odgovornost tužene države za zločin genocida iako je Sud utvrdio postojanje genocida u Bosni. Članak će prikazati koje zahtjeve Međunarodni sud smatra potrebni kako bi se utvrdio zločin genocida i koja je to karika potrebna između zločina i tužene države.
Abstract (english) When Mr. Raphael Lemkin invented the term genocide in 1944 he was trying to fill the void in the existing list of international crimes because, in his view, none of them was appropriate to address the terrible mass atrocities of World War II. The mass extermination of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and other groups should have been different from “ordinary” crimes against humanity. His fight led to the adoption of the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948. Although the Convention was primarily designed to punish
individual perpetrators, States parties can also be held responsible for the same crime. The reference in Article IX of the Convention to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice clearly shows in that direction. However, the first case appearing before that court was the case of Bosnia v. Serbia in 1993 and the Court made its ruling on the merits in 2007. The following ruling concerned the case of Croatia v. Serbia in 2015. Neither of the final rulings established the responsibility of the respondent state for genocide, although the crime had been
established in the case of Bosnia. The article will look into the requirements for the genocide to be established and what was the missing link between the crime and the defendant state.
Keywords (english)
Genocide Convention
International Court of Justice
Bosnian genocide case
Croatia
Serbia
Keywords (italian)
Convenzione sul genocidio
Corte internazionale
processo sul genocidio
Bosnia ed Erzegovina
Croazia
Serbia
Keywords (croatian)
Konvencija o genocidu
Međunarodni sud
parnica o genocidu
Bosna i Hercegovina
Hrvatska
Srbija
Keywords (german)
Genocide Convention
International Court of Justice
Bosnian genocide case
Croatia
Serbia
Language english
Language italian
Language croatian
Language german
Publication type Scientific paper - Preliminary note / Short communication
Publication status Published
Peer review Peer review
Publication version Published version
Journal title Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci
Numbering vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 1033-1049
p-ISSN 1330-349X
e-ISSN 1846-8314
DOI https://doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.40.3.3
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:118:308235
Publication 2019
Document URL https://hrcak.srce.hr/233522
Type of resource Text
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2020-04-08 17:50:45