The paper describes the noncontractual liability of shipowners and ship operators for the death and physical injury of swimmers and other persons at sea. All elements of this noncontractual relationship are presented, in particular the entities involved in the harmful event, either on the side of the injured party or on the side of the responsible person, and the provisions governing their liability are analyzed. Since the provisions on liability for death and personal injury to persons at sea apply to "all vessels, regardless of their size and purpose, as well as seaplanes on the water", special attention is paid to the meaning of this linguistic construction, i.e. its scope of application. In particular, the innovations regarding the liability of yachts and boats are presented, with a special focus on speedboats, jet skis and the liability of their tenants. In addition, the possibility of limiting the liability of shipowners and ship owners is dealt with, and the exceptions to this rule are analyzed. Detailed analysis is given to article 810 of the Maritime Code, which prescribes the principle of responsibility of the persons responsible for such injurious event, highlighting the different zones where swimmers and other persons were injured in the sea. The determination of the place where the harmful event occurred is of great importance, since the basic responsibility of the owner of the ship, the owners of the ship and other persons who killed or injured a person at sea is also determined by the place. In addition to the persons who can manage the ship, the persons at sea and their rights as well as the duties they have are also indicated and explained. The application of certain rules is supported by the presentation of cases from practice.