This thesis addresses the issues of liability and compensation for damages resulting from ship collisions under Croatian law. It analyzes the historical development of regulations, national and international legal frameworks, and the legal definition of a ship in the context of collisions. The paper provides a detailed examination of the liability of shipowners, including the legal mechanisms applied in cases of ship collisions. Special attention is given to the analysis of liability insurance and procedures for limiting liability in case of collisions. The study also explores the international convention framework and its harmonization with national law, including the 1976. Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims. The thesis emphasizes the importance of understanding legal frameworks and procedures to effectively manage damages resulting from maritime collisions and ensure legal certainty and fair compensation for all affected parties. Additionally, it discusses specific cases of ship collisions in Croatian waters, analyzing court decisions and the application of legal provisions in practice. The thesis also highlights the need for continuous improvement of the legal framework and the education of seafarers to enhance overall maritime safety. It concludes that an integrated approach, involving legal, technical, and educational measures, is crucial for reducing the number of collisions and impact of collisions.