| Abstract | Moral je skup nepisanih pravila i običaja koji određuju međusobne odnose ljudi, oblik ponašanja i određeni oblik života u nekoj društvenoj zajednici. Tu su u prvom planu pitanja „dobra“ i „zla“: odnosno prosuđivanje i vrednovanje postupaka kao moralnih ili nemoralnih. Pojam morala je oduvijek bio predmet zanimanja mnogih svjetski poznatih mislilaca, a važnost moralnog postupanja uviđamo i iz odredaba Zakona o obveznim odnosima. Naime, zakonodavac izričito propisuje da će ugovori koji su protivni moralu društva biti utvrđeni ništetnima. No, zakonodavac nema namjeru sankcionirati svako nemoralno postupanje, jer bi u tom slučaju otišao predaleko, slijedom čega mora biti riječ o težoj povredi morala. Sudac treba pravni posao proglasiti ništetnim samo kada je jasno da taj posao stoji u odlučnoj opreci s predodžbama o moralu koje vladaju u životu. U teoriji postoje mišljenja kako se u pitanjima moralnosti ili nemoralnosti trebaju preslušavati vještaci, no do toga još nije došlo. Sudac treba odlučivati prema vlastitom uvjerenju, uzimajući u obzir moral kakav je priznat u njegovoj zemlji. Moralni pogledi se mijenjaju, pa primjerice ugovor o bračnom posredovanju se nekada smatrao nemoralnim, dok je danas takav ugovor u potpunosti društveno prihvaćen. Kada građanski sud ne ispuni svoju zadaću u pogledu sankcioniranja nemoralnog postupanja, čovjekov unutrašnji sudac, odnosno savjest, izvrši svoju funkciju. Moralna odgovornost je pretpostavka građanske odgovornosti, ali moralna odgovornost seže dalje od građanske, ona ju nadopunjava. |
| Abstract (english) | Morality is a set of unwritten rules and customs which define human relationships, a code of conduct and a specific form of life within a social community. The questions which get imposed are those of ''right'' and ''wrong'': in other words, the judgement and evaluation of actions as moral or immoral. The notion of morality has always been a subject of interest of many world renowned philosophers, and we deduce the importance of moral actions from the provisions of Law of Obligations. As a matter of fact, the legislator explicitly provides that contracts, which are contrary to social morality, will be determined as null.
In fact, the legislator has no intention to sanction every immoral conduct, because this way he would go too far, pursuant to which, a severe violation of morality must be implied. The judge oughts to proclaim the legal affair null only when it is obvious that the affair is clearly contrary to the assumptions of morality which govern our lives. In theory, when it comes to issues of morality or immorality, there are opinions that court experts should be interrogated. However, this has not been done yet. The judge has to make decisions on the basis of his proper conviction, taking into consideration morality as it is perceived in his own country. Moral views are being changed so regarding, for example, a marriage contract, which was acknowledged immoral before, is nowadays completely socially accepted. When a court does not fulfill its task regarding the sanction of an immoral conduct, conscience, or in other words man's inner judge, performs its function. Moral responsibility is the premise of civil responsibility, but it surpasses that civil one; it actually fulfills it. |
