Author in this work deals with the topic of labour exploitation on the labour market in the Republic of Croatia. The current state on the labour market is presented in the first part of the work. The quality of human capital is largely determined by the quality of the educational system which plays a key role. Hence the link between the education system and the labour market is a necessary element in order to reduce the inequality of the chances produced by the market economy. In addition, the basic set of labour market flexibility issues is briefly described, advantages and disadvantages, as well as its possible impact on various economic and social problems. In second part the author deals with the term exploitation and by interpreting the regulations of labour and social legislation gives an overview of basic rights of workers. Last part of the work refers to issues of protection of workers at work, including the protection of his dignity. Dignity, health and safety belong to every human being as his inalienable and personal right. In addition to the right to work and rights to social security, fundamental human rights are considered: freedom of choice for employment, fair and adequate conditions for work and protection against unemployment. Unfortunately, it can be noticed that still listed ideals and vaules are being questioned on a daily basis.