The aim of this research is to explain, in more detail, the concept of protection of possession and through its prism, also, the protection of hereditary possession as one of the types of possessions whose heredity was questioned even in Ancient Rome. Possession is a factual state over things that are rightfully protected and after the death of the testator, ipso iure, the heirs acquire a legacy estate that remains behind the testator. Probate mass as a term reflects all that was testators at the time of his death, and that includes possessions. This study explains why modern legal systems attach great importance to the institute of possession and why it is protected, ways of protection through the court and the institute of self-help and also the specifics of hereditary possession and case law that is current and supports the importance of this protection. The topic is developed by firstly clarifying the main characteristics of possession, types, acquisition and termination, and then enters into the protection of possession itself, which is necessary to understand the whole concept and purpose of possession protection, and then in this general framework the institute of hereditary possession as an ideal possession and examines its protection.