According to the latest collected data, there are approximately 230 million children today living in countries and areas engulfed in armed conflict, and as many as 15 million of them are directly affected by various forms of brutal violence. The increasingly more developed forms of warfare have resulted in a very small distinction between civilians and combatants, with the most frequent targets being boys and girls. The most recent phenomenon in warfare is the use of ―child soldiers‖ in armed conflicts. Nowadays, children connected with armed groups and armed forces can be found in almost all conflicts all over the world. Child protection is enshrined in a large number of special legal acts, and progress has been made in the past several decades in that regard. Although still insufficiently covered by law, child protection in armed conflicts has reached an unprecedented level. Throughout history, the standards and provisions of the international law for the protection of children in armed conflicts were only minimal. The recruitment of minors and their use in conflicts are the issues the international community has been trying to eradicate for decades by forbidding such behaviour. Still, despite the increasingly stronger activism by international organisations, special agencies, and bodies of the United Nations in particular, as well as the ever more severe condemnation on the part of the international community, they continue with impunity. It is now clear that any change must be gradual, founded on youth education so as to enable future generations to live in improved conditions. Children are the most vulnerable members of humanity, and the gravity of their condition deserves a greater attention.